RISK FACTORS IN FALL-RELATED INJURIES AMONG THE ELDERLY POPULATION

Abstract

Objectives. Fall injuries are a significant global health problem, often causing disability, mortality, and high morbidity worldwide. Falls are the second leading cause of unintentional death worldwide. About a third of the elderly suffer a fall at least once a year, and this rate increases significantly for those over 80. The purpose of the present study was to identify the causes of fall injuries and to develop measures to prevent them in the population aged 65 and over, in the Republic of Moldova.

Materials and methods. Using the Google Scholar and PubMed databases, 20 articles were included in the analysis, selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data from these articles were evaluated, synthesized, and described narratively.

Results. According to the reviewed studies, factors that can lead to various fall injuries in the elderly include individual history, muscle weakness and lack of balance, visual impairments, taking multiple medications, such as sedatives, antidepressants, and antihypertensives, vitamin D deficiency, internal and external environmental factors, or cognitive disorders. Preventive measures can reduce the risk of falls, contributing to an independent and safe lifestyle for this community.

Conclusion. Studying the risk factors involved in various fall injuries in the elderly could help decision-makers adopt effective strategies and approaches for their prevention and control.