MEASLES: THE RE-EMERGENCE OF A VACCINE-PREVENTABLE DISEASE IN CHIȘINĂU MUNICIPALITY, 2018–2025

Abstract

Objectives. The study assessed measles trends in Chișinău municipality during 2018–2025 and factors associated with the re-emergence of a vaccine-preventable disease.

Methods. An observational descriptive epidemiological study was conducted using national surveillance data, including statistical forms and epidemiological investigations. Case numbers, incidence, outbreaks, case origin, transmission setting, and vaccination status were analyzed.

Results. After no cases were reported in 2008–2017, 16 cases occurred in the municipality in 2018, corresponding to 1.94 per 100,000 population. In 2019, 58 cases were reported: 38 laboratory-confirmed and 20 confirmed by clinical and epidemiological criteria; 13 were imported, 11 import-related, and 34 indigenous. Household, community, and healthcare-associated outbreaks were identified. Further increases occurred in 2024–2025, including in vulnerable collective settings. Most cases occurred among unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated children.

Conclusions. Measles re-emergence was associated with imported cases, declining vaccination coverage, and accumulation of susceptible persons. Catch-up vaccination, accurate vaccination records, early diagnosis and isolation, and rapid outbreak response are required. Interventions should be adapted to vulnerable collective settings and mobile groups, where transmission may be amplified. Stronger communication about vaccination benefits and coordination between medical services and epidemiological surveillance are important for preventing further outbreaks.