PSYCHOSOMATIC DIMENSIONS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHRONIC STRESS AND ANTITUMOR PROTECTION MECHANISMS

Abstract

Objectives. Chronic stress is a significant psychosomatic factor that influences susceptibility to cancer by disrupting the neuroendocrine, immunological, and inflammatory mechanisms involved in antitumor protection. Unlike acute stress, chronic stress is characterized by prolonged exposure to factors perceived as threatening and by the body's inability to return to a state of equilibrium after the activation of stress response systems. This sustained activation causes significant changes at the neuroendocrine, immunological, and metabolic levels.

Study. The aim of the study is to analyze the role of chronic stress as a psychosomatic factor involved in increasing cancer risk by investigating the interaction between neuroendocrine mechanisms, the immune system, chronic inflammation, and the tumor microenvironment.

Materials and methods. This article is theoretical in nature and is based on a systematic analysis of the specialized literature. This included studies that investigated the effects of chronic stress on the neuroendocrine, immunological, and inflammatory mechanisms involved in antitumor protection, as well as research that evaluated the impact of psychological interventions on the biological response.

Results. The literature review revealed a consistent relationship between chronic stress and the alteration of biological mechanisms involved in antitumor protection, including decreased immune surveillance and the maintenance of a persistent inflammatory status. Studies have shown that psychological factors—including social support, adaptive coping mechanisms, and structured psychological interventions—are associated with an improved immune response and a reduction in inflammatory markers, suggesting a possible protective role with regard to cancer risk.

Conclusions. Integrating stress reduction and psychological support strategies into cancer prevention and care programs may contribute to optimizing biological response and improving overall health. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms involved and to develop interdisciplinary interventions adapted to the clinical context.